2nd Conjugation (subjective, strong assertion, promise
or command)
|
|
Person
|
Verb
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Example
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Contraction
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Singular
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I
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will
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I will do everything possible to help.
|
I'll
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you
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shall
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You shall be sorry for this.
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You'll
|
he, she, it
|
shall
|
It shall be done.
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It'll
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Plural
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we
|
will
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We will not interfere.
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We won't
|
you
|
shall
|
You shall do as you're told.
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You'll
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they
|
shall
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They shall give one month's notice.
|
They'll
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It is true that this difference is not universally recognized. However, let
those who make assertions such as "Americans never use 'shall'"
peruse a good American English dictionary, or many American legal documents,
which often contain phrases such as:
- Each party shall give one month's notice in writing
in the event of termination.
Note that exactly the same rule applies in the case of should and would. It
is perfectly normal, and somewhat more elegant, to write, for example:
·
I should be grateful if you would kindly send me
your latest catalogue.
Ten sentences:
1)
Children have to go to school.
2)
I must go to the university.
3)
People mustn’t drive a car when
they drink alcohol.
4)
I needn’t do math today, I can do
it later.
5)
I should study harder before
exams.
6)
Elephants and mice can’t fly.
8)
I can’t have made a mistake
in my calculations because I used a calculator.
9)
Can you run 100 meters in 5.5
seconds? 10)
10)Students
mustn’t eat or drink during the lection.
Texts:
Combinatorial mathematics.
Specialists in a broad range
of fields have to deal with problems that involve combinations made up
of letters, numbers or any other objects.
The
field of mathematics that studies problems of how many different combinations can
be built out of a specific number of objects is called combinatorial
mathematics (combinatorics).
This
branch of mathematics has its origin in the 16th century, in the
gambling games that played such a large part in high society in those times.
These games gave the initial impetus to develop combinatorial mathematics and
the theory of probability.
Italian
and French mathematicians were the first to enumerate the various combinations
achieved in games of dice. Further advances in the theory of combinations were
connected with the names of German scientists.
In
recent years combinatorial mathematics has seen extensive developments
associated with grater interest in problems of discrete mathematics.
Combinatorial methods can be employed in solving transport problems, in
particular scheduling; the scheduling of production facilities and of the sale
of goods. Links have been established between combinatorics and problems of
linear programming, statistics, etc. Combinatorial methods are used in coding
and decoding and in the solution of other problems of information theory.
The
combinatorial approach also plays a significant role in purely mathematical
problems such as the theory of groups and their representations, in the study
of the main principles of geometry, some branches of algebra, etc.
Probability.
Probability
is a mathematical expression of the likelihood of an event. Every probability
is a fraction. The largest probability can be 1. The smallest
probability can be is 0, meaning that it’s something that cannot
happen. You can find the probability that something will not
happen by subtracting the probability that it will happen from 1. For
example, if the weatherman tells you that there is a 0.3 probability of rain
today, then there must be a 0.7 probability that it won’t rain.