Соционический подход к изучению наций /english/
Socionical approach in studding of nations
Ethnosocionics consider nations as
psychoinformatoin systems (integral persons), of which the Jung’s persons’
typology is true.
Volodymyr Scherbyna, Russia
It is
not new idea to consider ethnos as integral person (collective subject). This
idea was advanced and was substantiated in the works of Wilhelm von Humboldt,
Nikolay Berdyayev, Nykolay Lossky, etc. In particular Carl Jung wrote that
“people’s psyche is only more compound structure than person’s psyche”. It is
logically to consider this integral person to be reasonable, i. e. this
integral person has consciousness, memory, action logic, emotions. Ethnosocionics
considers ethnos as psychoinformation system, of which the persons’ typology is
also true. In each ethnos there are persons of different psychological types.
In spite of this the ethnos is the macroorganism of the certain psychological
type. Just this often to be named as “national character”. So this science
studies ethnoses’ psychological types, features of their behaviour, mutual relations
with other nations, etc.
Ethnosocionics
is one of the directions of socionics, a young science, which was born
on the boundary between psychology, sociology and information science.
Socionics is based on the Jung's typology and Augustinavichjute's Intertypes'
Relations Theory. It is considering persons as bearers of the certain types of
information metabolism, which are developing and interacting on the base of
objective laws.
Each
person is being examined over 4 main pairs of signs (coordinates): logical ¾ ethical (emotional), sensorical ¾ intuitional, rational ¾ irrational, extravert ¾ introvert. While studding the concrete
person one can determine the mentality type, this person inclined to: logical
or emotional, concrete or abstract etc. Having determined each of 4 pairs of
signs one determines the one of 16 sociotypes the person under determination
belongs to.
Let
us remind their names:
-
Intuitive-logical
extravert (ILE, ENTP*)
-
Sensoro- ethical
introvert (SEI, ISFP)
-
Ethico- sensorical
extravert (ESE, ESFJ)
-
Logico- intuitive
introvert (LII, INTJ)
-
Ethico- intuitive
extravert (EIE, ENFJ)
-
Logico- sensorical
introvert (LSI, ISTJ)
-
Sensoro- logical
extravert (SLE, ESTP)
-
Intuitive- ethical
introvert (IEI, INFP)
-
Logico-intuitive
extravert (LIE, ENTJ)
-
Ethico- sensorical
introvert (ESI, ISFJ)
-
Sensoro- ethical
extravert (SEE, ESFP)
-
Intuitive- logical introvert
(ILI, INTP)
-
Intuitive-ethical
extravert (IEE, ENFP)
-
Logico-sensorical
extravert (LSE, ESTJ)
-
Ethico- intuitive
introvert (EII, INFL)
Socionics
considers person as information system, the bearer of the certain type
of information metabolism. The body of person lives exchanging substance and
energy with the outer world. And the psyche part of the person lives sharing
information with the outer world. All information, which person receives from
the outside (the information about outer world) and from the inside (the
information about psychophysical state of person), is the common information
stream.
Each
person can make out some aspects of information stream better then other ones. Psychological
function is the ability of person to make out one aspect of information
stream. Socionics descries 8 aspects of information stream and 8 psychological
functions accordingly. These functions have graphical conventional signs,
names and “duties”:
______________________________
*) In the SOCIONICS psychological (socionical) types have 3-letters
conventional signs, and in the western literature — 4-letters ones.
|
abilities’ intuition
|
the knock of human abilities’ feeling;
sensing of development’s perspectives; integral perception of the world,
feeling of its unity, interdependency, reiteration on different levels of
world’s hierarchy; understanding of the very essence of subjects and
processes.
|
|
time’s intuition
|
the understanding of contradictions in
outer world and in human psyche; the understanding of opposites, which
separate people and events; feeling of danger; aptitude for seeing vainness
|
|
volitional sensorics
|
aptitude for controlling of outer
spaciousness; ability for putting pressure on others and to stand up to
anyone’s pressure; understanding of enemy’s force and enforce; power; will to
win; authority of power
|
|
sensation sensorics
|
capacity for body’s necessities
satisfaction, sensation of own body; beauty, design, turning towards the high
inner quality; cosiness and comfort
|
|
dynamic logic
|
|
static logic
|
aptitude for systematizing knowledge and
phenomena; deep understanding of logical correlation between objects; facts’
system, hierarchy, classification, statistics, register and verification,
machinery
|
|
emotions’ ethics
|
capacity for feeling persons’ emotional
state, for its controlling; ability for inspiring people with joy, enthusiasm
or fear, horror, anxiety, panic.
|
|
relations’ ethics
|
world’s perception through people’s
relations; the ability for adjusting needing relations; sense of duty;
tolerance, love, kindness, charity, humanity
|
It is
established that each sociotype has his own number of the “strong” and “weak”
psychological functions. On this base the person’s psyche functioning model
(sociomodel) is made. The socionical model helps to understand how to use
person’s “strong” features and to defend “weak” ones; it also helps to
understand mechanism of mutual relation between people. Intertypes’ Relations
Law is based on the understanding of sociomodel’s functioning. This Law defines
features of the information exchange and mutual relations between sociotypes.
So ethnosocionics
uses socionical laws and methods and studies:
-
socionical types of
ethnoses and nations (“national characters”);
-
their history, relations
with neighbours and other nations;
-
nation’s construction
and national-state construction;
-
national leaders; their
accordance with the epoch and with the national sociotype;
-
national elite’s
construction; its accordance with the nation.
The
knowledge of nation’s sociotype offers to approach scientifically to strategic
planning of state’s development (like the knowledge of person’s sociotype helps
in profession choosing)
As the
example, let us consider briefly how to determine one pair of main signs:
logical (pragmatic) or ethical (emotional) the nation under examination is?
Some features of
logical (pragmatic) nations:
1. main criteria in this societies are:
logical-unlogical, correct-uncorrect, cleverly-foolishly, advantageous-disadvantageous,
economical-uneconomical etc. Actions of other nations, states and persons are
estimated from the point of view of logic, reason, activity and not of the
emotion maintenance (kindness, sympathy, responsiveness etc.)
3. Their promises are more reliable. Their
care of truth stirs up the real esteem: it is not the declaration but really
truth; it is not the formal replay but really law, this society lives under.
4. Fashion and many other human society’s
dynamic attributes are changing more slowly in these nations than in emotional
ones. One of the cause is the pragmatic advantage to be one of the paramount
values of such nations.
5. Constructive logic in these nations
restrains influence of social myths. New myths are being born because of the
shortage of needing information. But the existence of the new social myth in
these nations is short and expedient.
Some features of
ethical (emotional) nations:
1. Pragmatism is not strong virtue of such
nations. Main criteria in these societies are: well-bad, human-unhuman,
honestly-dishonestly, will be offended - will not be offended etc.
2. Truth and untruth have relative character,
not absolute one: it is seemed to be good all, that is pleasant for people
(sometimes even if it is not truth). By this reason laws have less rigid
functions in these nations.
3. These nations are more spontaneous while
contact with other societies and cultures. Their ethics is creative, initiative
and primary before logic.
4. There are many impulsive and unreasoned in
these nations. Forces of pragmatic and scientific constructing are not enough
developed. Utter emotions don’t afraid people in these nations. It is seemed
often that people seek them intentionally.
5. The influence of social myth is stronger in
these nations than in logical ones. Myth can interprets each event. Often
political leader wins elections because of people’s sympathy and not because of
his program.
While
using this approach we can determine as logical next nations: Americans,
Canadians, Danes, English, Germans, Japanese, Jews, Lithuanians, Scots etc. We
can determine as ethical next nations: Austrians, Belorussians, French, Greeks,
Hungarians, Poles, Russians, Ukrainians etc.
The
similar approach is used while defining other pairs of signs. Psychological
features of nations are expressed in language, literature, art, religion,
science, mythology, nation-state construction and other sides of social life.
While
studding these expressions one can draw a conclusion about the mentality type,
the nation inclined to, prognose probable trend of development and mutual
relations with other nations.