The models of atom’s nucleus and table of elements.
Model of atom’s nucleus and table of elements.
Every subsequent element
of the table of elements differs from the previous one in the
amount of protons in its nucleus which is increased by one unit
and the amount of neutrons is increased by several units in general.
That means , that there are more neutrons in the nucleus than
protons (without taking into consideration the lightest nucleuses). The
scientific literature doesn’t give any explanation of this strange
correlation of neutrons’ number to the protons’ number.
It should be noted
that for the construction of the model of atom’s nucleus , He
nucleuses have the same energies during the alpha-radioactivity. That’s
why let’s place all protons with the same number of neutrons on the
nucleus external shell , that means , that on the same energy level
only bosons can be found , and they are considered to be
alpha-elements found on the nucleus external shell.
Let’s place the rest
of neutrons inside the nucleus , their task is to weaken the
electrostatic field of protons’ repulsion. Supposing that the nucleus
is spherical and protons and neutrons have the same radiuses , we’ll
get a model of nucleus for any element , which explains the number
of neutrons’ ratio to the number of protons , which follows from the
existence of nucleons in the atom’s nucleus .
Radioactive decay is
probably connected with the nucleus compression , because neutrons in
the nucleus capacity weaken radial forces of protons’ repulsion with
the growth of an element’s ordinal number.
If nucleuses mass is
primary and chemical qualities of an atom are secondary , than in
the table of elements atomic weight must change continuously either
down on across. Having constructed the table according to these
features we have to leave four empty places after Lu and Lr in order
to observe chemical qualities of elements . Determination of nucleus
charge is probably necessity in discovering elements .
As a matter of fact
elements are considered to be discovered based on their chemical
qualities .
H
1
|
He
2
|
Li
3
|
Be
4
|
B
5
|
C
6
|
N
7
|
O
8
|
F
9
|
Ne
10
|
Na
11
|
Mg12
|
Al
13
|
Si
14
|
P1
5
|
S
16
|
Cl
17
|
Ar
|
K
19
|
Ca
20
|
Sc
21
|
Ti
22
|
V
23
|
Cr
24
|
Mn
25
|
Fe
26
|
Co
27
|
Ni 28
|
Cu
29
|
Zn
30
|
Ga
31
|
Ge
32
|
As
33
34
|
Br
35
|
Kr
36
|
Rb
37
|
Sr
38
|
Y
39
|
Zr
40
|
Nb
41
|
Mo
42
|
Tc
43
|
Ru
44
|
Rh
45
|
Pd
46
|
Ag
47
|
Cd
48
|
In
49
|
Sn
50
|
Sb
51
|
Te
52
|
I
53
|
Xe
54
|
Cs
55
|
Ba
56
|
La
57
|
Ce
58
|
Pr
59
|
Nd
60
|
Pm
61
|
Sm
62
|
Eu
63
|
Gd
64
|
Tb
65
|
Dy
66
|
Ho
67
|
Er
68
|
Tu
|
Yb
70
|
Lu
71
|
?
72
|
?
73
|
?
74
|
?
75
|
Hf
76
|
Ta
77
|
W
78
|
Re
79
|
Os
80
|
Ir
81
|
Pt
82
|
Au
83
|
Hg
84
|
Tl
85
|
Pb
86
|
Bi
87
|
Po
88
|
At
89
|
Rn
90
|
Fr
91
|
Ra
92
|
Ac
93
|
Th
94
|
Pa
95
|
U
96
|
Np
97
|
Pu
98
|
Am
99
|
Cm
100
|
Bk
101
|
Cf
102
|
Es
103
|
Fm
104
105
|
No
106
|
Lr
107
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In 1891 James Chardwik
carried out researches and with the help of Rezerford’s formula
rated nucleuses charges for platinum-77,4 ; silver-46,3 ; copper-29,3 .
These results almost coincided with ordinal numbers of these elements
in the periodic table .
But the last
lanthanide are radioactive ! According to our model of atom’s nucleus
radioactivity of the subsequent after lanthanide elements can be
reduced , by bringing a shell inside the nucleus which consists of 4
protons or 4 alpha-elements.
But then defining the
nucleuses charge of platinum’s atom on Chardwik’s method , we would
get again 77,4 ; because alpha-elements would disperse on the
nucleus’s external shell of an atom .
That’s why the
question of more precise definition of nucleus charges of elements
following the Hf , is raised .
This is probably the
reason of the failure to get to the “ island of stability “ and
seditious idea comes to the mine we build atomic electric power
stations without knowing the definite amount of neutrons and protons
in the nucleuses of uranium and plutonium .
http://www.amazon.com
Henadzi Filipenka ,
teacher of materials
HTTP:// HOME.
URAL.RU/~FILIP
References:
Hehadzi Filipenka
“Engineer” Moscow N4 1990 , N4 1991.