China Airlines as a complex system
MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION, YOURTH AND SPORT OF UKRAINEAVIATION UNIVERSITYTransportation
Management Department
TERM
PAPER
(EXPLANATIONAL
NOTE)
On
discipline“Basics
of Systems Theory and Management”
Topic:
«China Airlines as a complex system»
by:
FML 309
Moiseeva N.
Kyiv
2012
ABSTRACT
course work consists of 31 pages, 2
table and 4schemes. In the process of writing the work the 5 resources were
used, including online resources and further reading.object of study of this
course work is“China Airlines”, which is considered as a complex system.
Purpose of the researching is to generalize the theoretical knowledge of
students on general systems theory and systems analysis procedure and practical
skills of a systems approach to the analysis of the transport company as a
complex system.completion of this course work there were purchased some
knowledge and skills in the analysis of complex objects, as well as a clear
definition of their goals.
Our task is to analyze “China
Airlines” by terns of system and give the detailed description of its
properties, characteristics, activities and functions. Also, the investigation
of the internal and external environment, its influence to the functioning of
the company takes place in this work.of key words: system, system analyzes,
“China Airlines”, structure, classification, goal , resources, hierarchy tree
of goals, subsystem, stability, etc.
A LIST of SYMBOLS, UNITS, ACRONYMS
and TERMS
main terms for the complex system
characteristics can be represented in following way:system is a set of elements
that are in certain relations with each other and forming a certain coherent
unity or a system is an object, a process in which elements involved are,
linked by some relationship.element is a division threshold of systems (an
indivisible part) from the point of view of the aspect of considering a system,
solution of a specific task and set objectives.subsystem is a part of system
with some relations. Any system consists of subsystems; any subsystem of any
system itself can be considered a system. The properties of integrity and
purpose are characteristic of any subsystem.provides system integrity according
to its definition limits the degree of elements freedom after they begin to
interact and characterizes the system’s structure (statics) and functioning
(dynamics).structure is the organization of relations between elements and
subsystems, it is all that brings order to a set of objects, i.e. set of
relations between parts of a whole, necessary to achieve the goal.goal is a
description, representation of the most desirable state of the system, the
result of deliberate human activity predicted in advance, what the person
should seek, and the model of the desirable future.is a set of changes in the
system, its response to external influence.is the ability of the system to save
its behavior as long as it is needed, in the absence of external influences
that lead it out from the state of rest, (or under permanent effects).is the
system's ability to return to equilibrium after it was withdrawn from this
state under the influence of external factors.’s description (specification) is
a description of all its elements (subsystems), their relationships, purpose,
functions in some areas, i.e., all admissible states., coherence or relative
independence from the environment and systems (it is the most essential
quantitative characteristic of the system), if coherence disappears the system
itself disappears, although the elements of the system, and even some ties,
relations between them can be saved.of subsystems and relations between them, a
structure or the presence of the system’s structure (this is the most essential
qualitative characteristic of the system), the disappearance of the subsystems
or relations between them may cause the system to disappear.of the properties
or their not being innate to the properties of elements is the effect of
organization, is the result of initiation between the elements of synergy.is
defining a system family of models (striation), each of which describes
behavior of a system from the point of view of its respective level of
abstraction.multilayered hierarchy is a family of sequentially solvable
problems. Each layer is a block that makes the decision, or level of complexity
of the decision made, allocated to reduce uncertainty.(organizational
hierarchy) is represented as independent subsystems that cooperate.System
Analyzes
Plan
INTRODUCTION
I. Theoretical part
.1 Description of the airline
in terms of systems theory
1.2. Characteristics
of the system and its properties. Analytical Part
2.1 Description of the
structure of the airline (for multiple features) and the structure of its
subsystems, their analysis
2.2 Description of the
environmental features of the transport company
2.3 Analysis of the main
activities of the airline, identifying the main goal, other goals. Building the
“objective tree” of the airline
III. Conclusions
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Airlines (CAL) - is the largest
airline in Taiwan and the flag carrier of the Republic of China. Although not
directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is
owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation, which is in turn owned by
the government of the Republic of China., airlines are increasingly important
and rank is not the first place in the speed of transportation, facilities,
quality of service as passenger and freight at different distances to the most
remote corners of the world. Nowadays, passenger or cargo can be delivered in
any country for a short time.of this course paper is rather important in our
time as grows in air-transportation system is observed. Our task is to analyze
“China Airlines” by terns of system and give the detailed description of its
properties, characteristics, activities and functions.aim of study of this
course work is “China Airlines”, which is considered as a complex system.
Purpose of the researching is to generalize the theoretical knowledge of
students on general systems theory and systems analysis procedure and practical
skills of a systems approach to the analysis of the transport company as a
complex system.
I. Theoretical part
.1 Description of the airline
in terms of systems theory
transport airline ecological
System - is a set of elements
associated with each other, which forms one object to achieve the goal and
needed resources.main features of the system are:
. Integrity, coherence or relative
independence from the environment and systems (it is the most essential
quantitative characteristic of the system), if coherence disappears the system
itself disappears, although the elements of the system, and even some ties,
relations between them can be saved.
. Existence of subsystems and
relations between them, a structure or the presence of the system’s structure
(this is the most essential qualitative characteristic of the system), the
disappearance of the subsystems or relations between them may cause the system
to disappear.
. Relation with the environment of
shared resources; possibility of separation or abstraction from the
environment.
. Subordination of the whole
organization to some goals.
. Emergence (The
system property is not the sum of the properties of parts,
property of the system depends on the properties of elements, the combined
elements to the system
may lose a number of properties which were inherent to them outside the system,
i.e. the system as it suppresses some of the properties of its elements.
.
Synergy
is
increasing the efficiency of the integration. Synergetics is a science of
nonlinear self-organizing processes in nature and society.
7. Additivity (summative) is an
independence, isolation, that is, regularity, dual with respect to integrity.
Property of additivity is shown in the system as it disintegrated into
independent elements.’s consider features of the system on the example of
“China Airlines”. "China Airlines" is integrated organization, which
incorporates various departments, divisions, services and abroad
representations; it is network, with strong ties between its parts
(transportation of passengers, cargo, mail, and organization of technical
personnel, airline pilots and other.) These complexes are the subsystems of the
airline. A variety of services and departments of the enterprise are the
components of the system. It is an example of integrity and existence of
subsystems in the airline “as a system”.Airlines (CAL) - is the largest airline
in Taiwan and the flag carrier of the Republic of China. Although not directly
state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by
the China Aviation Development Foundation, which is in turn owned by the
government of the Republic of China. The airline, with headquarters in and
flight operations from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, flies to
destinations in Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania. China Airlines has a
strong presence in the Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Northeast Asia. The
airline started scheduled chartered flights between Taiwan and China on July 2008.
Most flights serving this market are concentrated at Shanghai, Guangzhou, and
Beijing. China Airlines has operated the Hong Kong route since 1967, which is
the airline's most profitable market. China Airlines signed an agreement to
begin the process of joining the SkyTeam airline alliance on September 14, 2010
and officially became a full member on September 28, 2011. This was marked by
an update to the logo of the airline and the typeface in which "China
Airlines" is printed. This information about airline shows us the
existence of relation with the environment of shared resources and at the same
time the ability of separation with the aim of reaching some results (3rd
feature), because of without relations with environment but at the same time
with ability to have own rules and separation company doesn’t have any chance
to be competitive in the aviation market.
"China Airlines", as well
as any other company aims to certain goals. It can be profit, maintaining its
leading position in the aviation market, to be competitive, to improve
statistical, financial and economic performance, to provide qualitative
service, etc. Activity of every department it directed to reach this aims. This
makes it possible to confirm the presence of the fourth feature - Subordination
of the whole organization to some goals.
And what about the emergence,
synergy and additivity it is obvious, that high quality functioning of
different departments with the same aim leads to reaching more complete
result.above listed information, "China Airlines" is a system
according to every feature.we consider the divisions, departments, airline
services
as a subsystems,
then they can be analyzed as a separate systems
with its structural elements and relationships. On the other hand, "China
Airlines" is supersystem
regarding these systems., for full analysis
it is necessary to analyze every subsystem and its place in supersystem. In our
case - to understand the structure of each department and what benefit it
carries to “China Airlines”.
1.2 Characteristics
of the system and its properties
of systems can be carried out on the
set of criteria. Classification of systems is often impossible to be determined
and depends on its objective and resources. We will consider the following
classification of systems (other criteria of systems classification are
possible):
1. Based on a system’s relation to
environment:
· Open system
(exchanges its resources with environment);
· Closed (doesn’t
exchange resources with environment).
2. Based on the origin of a system
(elements, connections, subsystems):
· Artificial system
(tools, mechanisms, machines, robots, works etc.);
· Natural system
(animate, inanimate, ecological, social etc.);
· Virtual system
(i.e. imaginary system: although it doesn’t actually exist, nevertheless, it
operates as if it actually existed);
· Mixed system
(economic, technical, organizational structures etc.).
3. Based on the description of the
system’s variables:
· Qualitative
variables (they have only contextual description);
· Quantitative
variables (they have variables discretely/ continuously described in a
quantitative way, i.e. the system is described with the help of quantitative
variables);
· Mixed qualitative -
quantitative type (includes qualitative and quantitative variables).
4. Based on laws description that
refers to functioning of a system:
· “Black box type”
(it is a completely unknown law of a system’s functioning, only input and
output information of a system are known, but the system is unclear);
· Non-parametrical
system (a law isn’t described, only some a priori properties of the law are
known, i.e. the parameters are unknown);
· Parametrical system
(a law is known within the parameters and this law can be related to the class
of independence, i.e. the parametrical system contains parameters);
· “White box type”
(it is a well-known law, i.e. when laws of a system are transparent).
5. In accordance with the type of a
system control (in the system itself):
· Systems controlled
from the outside (without feed-back, regulative system, systems structurally
controlled by means of information);
· Systems controlled
within the system (self-controlled or self-regulative system, this system is
automatically controlled and regulated, and automatically adaptable, it adapts
with the help of controlled state changes that in their turn self-organize the
system, i.e. the states change their structure optimally in time and space.
This helps to organize the structure under the influence of inner and outer
parameters);
· Mixed type control
(automatic, semiautomatic, automated and organizational).
"China Airlines" is a
complex system, because it includes a large number of systems, subsystems,
components that are in close connection among themselves and with external
systems. Since this system is complex, it means that it is multifunctional
(because this company performs a variety of functions - training, organization
of passenger and cargo transportations, repair and maintenance of aircraft,
etc.) and multipurpose (company sets itself targets depending on their
functions as a significant number of functions leads to a large number of
targets).
“China airlines” system :
1is tangible (really
exists);
2open - because
there is an exchange with the environment;
3based on the
description of the system’s variables - mixed (available both qualitative and
quantitative variables);
4based on origin -
artificial (man-made and operated using the human factor);
5based on the method
of administration(system of control) - combined (because the airline is
regulated and externally - laws, regulations and documents, international
conventions, competition, etc; and inside organization (the organization of
personnel, organization work to repair the aircraft, the organization of staff,
etc.);
6based on the nature
of the interaction of elements is coordination and hierarchical (because you
can trace and equal elements, and the elements of subordination).
II. ANALYTICAL PART.
.1 Description of the structure of
the airline (for multiple features) and the structure of its subsystems, their
analysis
structure of the system - is the
organization of relations between elements and subsystems, it is all that
brings order to a set of objects, i.e. set of relations between parts of a
whole, necessary to achieve the goal.structure is characterized by its
organization, steady orderliness of its elements and relations. In complex
systems a structure doesn’t reflect everything, but only the most essential
elements, components and relations which change a little during the system’s
current functioning and provides the system’s existence and its basic
properties. In simple, completely determined systems, the concepts of system
and structure coincide completely.relations possess relative independence of
elements and can act as invariants for transition from one system to another,
transferring the laws revealed and reflected in the structure of one of them,
to others. Systems can have a different physical nature. On the other hand, the
same system can be represented by different structures depending on the stage
of knowledge, aspect of consideration, the purpose of the system’s creation.
Basic types of structures are: Hierarchical, treelike structures, Network
structure, Matrix structure and linear stuctures. In our case we have
Hierarchical kind of structure."China Airlines" has a clearly defined
organizational structure - a number of subsidiaries, divisions, various systems
(industrial, commercial, financial, etc) that have established work to ensure
regular passenger conveyance, cargo and mail, excellent work of ticketing
system, registration system, aircraft maintenance works and others. The elements
of this structure can be considered a passenger service training of some
loading and unloading, repairing aircraft, flight test aircraft before
others.company also has the officers, who are subject to all heads of
departments, services, departments.of "China Airlines" has a
Hierarchical structure and consists of the following elements :
. Working Committee
(Administration);
. Transportation department;
. Secretariat;
. Executive Administrative
Council;
. Administrative Committee;
. Safety and security
department;
. Information Department;
. Department of Buildings and
structures;
. Department of Fuel and
lubricants;
. Supply department;
. Finance Department;
. Department of health
services;
. Production Department;
. Human Resources;
. General Department;
. Legal Department;
. Department of Public
Relations;
. Information Department;
. Management Planning
department;
. Executive office;
. Scientific and technical
management;
. Air Traffic Control (ATC);
. Department of Research and
Development;
. Commercial activities;
. Department of freight and
mail traffic;
. Division of domestic
passenger traffic;
. Cabin service;
. Department of international
passenger traffic;
. Regional Governance;
. Advertising
department;number of employees: 10,822in Taiwan: 8,952stationed overseas:
1,870hierarchy - is the system is represented as independent subsystems that
cooperate. Some (or all) subsystems have the right of decision-making. The
hierarchical arrangement of subsystems in a Multi-echelon structure is
stipulated by the fact that some of them are influenced or managed by other
subsystems. Multiechelon structures are also called multi-purpose as certain
freedom in identifying of purposes is given to subsystems as well, If the
structure - is an organization of connections between elements and subsystems -
all that brings order to the set of objects, is a set of relationships between
parts of a whole system needed to achieve the target, the airline is an example
multi-echelon hierarchical structure that can be schematically illustrated as
follows, as shown in the picture:order to prove that the airline "China
airlines" is really a system, it is necessary to show the fact that
between the elements of the system there is a link, which ensures the integrity
of the system, by definition, limits the extent of freedom of the elements
after they come into communication 'Us and describes the structure (statics)
and operation (dynamic) system.we talk about the direction of ties, they still
are aimed at what direction they go in order from top to bottom, so that
virtually all departments of companies subject to higher standing leadership
(Safety Committee, the Secretariat Committee of Safety, Office of Security.)
And such bodies and Safety Committee or Council of
Shareholders
are under the government of such bodies as IATA or ICAO.to the nature of
relations in the airline “China Airlines” refers to relations management. And
according to tie directions the can be as the direct the same inverse.of “China
Airlines” transportationsof China Airlines' flights originate out of Taiwan
Taoyuan International Airport, its main hub near Taipei, Taiwan. At Taiwan
Taoyuan International Airport, China Airlines' flight operations are in
Terminal 1 and 2. China Airlines' regional flights as well as European flights,
are mainly concentrated in Terminal 1. Its long-haul flights, especially
American, and Australian, are mainly concentrated in Terminal 2. Additionally,
China Airlines and its domestic subsidiary Mandarin Airlines operate numerous
flights out of Kaohsiung International Airport and Taipei Songshan Airport.
China Airlines' focus cities outside Taiwan are mainly Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi
Airport, Hong Kong's Hong Kong International Airport, and Osaka's Kansai
International Airport.the mid 2000s, China Airlines' route network was affected
by the political status of Taiwan, which has historically limited access for
Taiwanese airlines to Europe and certain Asian countries. Because Taiwanese
carriers did not have direct access to China, China Airlines used Hong Kong as
its interline destination. China Airlines started to operate regular charter
flights to China in 2008. The airline began regularly scheduled, direct
cross-strait operations in December 2008, following the restoration of direct
travel links.Airlines Cargo is the airline's freight division, operating in
Asia, Europe and North America. It operates a fleet of 19 freighters to 38
destinations around the world, in addition to utilizing the cargo space on its
passenger aircraft.Airlines now serves 112 destinations in 28 countries and
territories (including cargo) on four continents, with a well-developed Asian
network.structureChina Airlines passenger and fleet consists of the following
aircrafts:
From this table we can see, that
“China Airlines” fleet consists of the 72 aircrafts ( 21 -cargo, 51-
passenger).and international routesairline, with headquarters in and flight operations
from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport, flies to destinations in Asia,
Europe, North America and Oceania. China Airlines has a strong presence in the
Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Northeast Asia. The airline started scheduled
chartered flights between Taiwan and China on July 2008. Most flights serving
this market are concentrated at Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Beijing. China
Airlines has operated the Hong Kong route since 1967, which is the airline's
most profitable market, generating 13.3% of its NT$121.9 billion (US$3.7
billion) revenue in 2006 with over 140 flights flown a week between Taipei,
Kaohsiung, and Hong Kong.Airlines has flight on various destinations. Given
routs we can observe in the lower table.
Prospects of developmentthe point of
view of SA it is very important to have scenario of further development of the
company. “China airlines” in the practice uses such methods as brainstorming or
writing scenarios. It is ought to say, that almost all aspects of the airline
development are based on the fleet expanding.of their earliest 747-400s
(B-18271 and B-18272) have been given to Boeing and converted to Boeing LCFs
for transportation of 787 parts. In return, four new 747-400s were delivered to
China Airlines. The livery of one of the new 747s (B-18210) is a combination of
the China Airlines plum blossom tail and Boeing's Dreamliner colors design.
These were the four last passenger 747-400s to be manufactured and delivered,
and feature the Boeing Signature interior in common with the 747-400ER and most
notably the Boeing 777.an interview with Taiwan's Economic Daily newspaper,
China Airlines' CEO announced a cabin upgrade of all the airline's Boeing
747-400s lasting from 2011 to 2012, at a cost of around billion New Taiwan
dollars. The 747-400s will be have two new configurations, with six in a two
class configuration of Dynasty Class and Economy Class for flights to regional
destinations in Asia and to Amsterdam, and the others in a three class configuration
of First Class, Dynasty (Business) Class and Economy Class for long haul
flights to America. The first 747-400 in the two class configuration will be
finished by the end of April, 2011.Airlines recently announced the intention of
leasing more A330s or narrow-body aircraft in order to meet the increasing
demands of regional routes and cross-strait routes. China Airlines also
announced that the decision of the long-haul fleet plan will be announced by
the end of 2012 at the latest.airline is undergoing a fleet renewal and
simplification program. The A300-600R has been replaced with the A330-300 and
there are plans for a long-haul fleet renewal. On December 11, 2007, China
Airlines signed a letter of intent to purchase 20 Airbus A350-900s to replace
their fleet of Airbus A340s, and the order was confirmed on January 22, 2008.
The Airbus A350 will offer 2-class (Business and Economy) service with 327
seats, with the business class offering fully lie-flat beds.June 2012,
Huang-Hsiang Sun, the president of the company, said that the airline was
considering models such as the Airbus A350-1000 and Boeing 777-300ER to replace
older Boeing 747-400 aircraft on long-haul routes, with the decision being
finalized within the next 12 months. In addition, it was disclosed that the
airline was evaluating the purchase of more narrow-body aircraft, for use in
expanding its regional operations.Airlines has announced the plan of expanding
its cargo fleet by the induction of either A330-200 Freighters or Boeing 777
Freighters.
.2 Description of the environmental
features of the transport company
environment - is a set of components
of systems that are outside the system that interact with it and on it, but do
not belong to her. Environmental factors of "China Airlines" include:
• Airline partners on the aviation
market ( Domestic and International);
• Various laws, statutes,
regulations, general rules of transportation which are the same for all
carriers, international conventions, documents, etc.;
• Agencies, offices, brokers, both
domestic and abroad;
• Competitors in the international
market and the domestic market in all types of air transport (passenger, cargo,
baggage and mail);
• Interaction with all forms of
transport;
• Cooperation with airports that
have international status and so on.the point of view of SA we know, that the
existence of relations with environment is one of the key features of every
system. Higher we have proved that airline is a system and now I will show how
environment influences “China Airlines”.
“China Airlines” can be regarded as
a system, and as a subsystem in large system of transportation, cooperation
with leading airlines. Airline has close relations with many of the components
of the environment. For example, the airline is working closely with other
carriers. This enables it to expand card operations, increase range, improve
passenger and freight turnover, and receive certain skills, explore new
opportunities and improve the quality of service based on exchanges with their
partners. Airlines cooperates with "China Airlines", also, in turn,
expand geography of flights, improve the performance of their work and so on.
"China Airlines” has interline agreements with the following airlines:
Virgin America, WestJet. It signed an agreement to begin the process of joining
the SkyTeam airline alliance on September 14, 2010 and officially became a full
member on September 28, 2011.This was marked by an update to the logo of the
airline and the typeface in which "China Airlines" is printed. Also
given airline has codeshare agreements with the airlines denoted as SkyTeam
members(Alitalia, China
Eastern Airlines, Korean
Air, etc.)our airline is a member of various international organizations, which
gives the right to carry passengers and cargo to the international space.
Firstly, these organizations include the ICAO and IATA, which are the main
control organs the market of international air transportations.into these
organizations "China Airlines" set a goal to get equal rights to
conduct business in the field of international air travel, free to compete with
the other of airlines and also have access to recommended practices regarding
the implementation flights IATA and ICAO, which help to avoid unforeseen
incidents in space, or at any other period of aircraft operation.’s consider
other environmental factors - competitors. Because the airline market
"China Airlines" must constantly improve their quality of service, in
the way of providing new technologies or registration, whether booking tickets
follow the work of its agents, check qualifications of their employees and
conduct courses for professional development, check the technical equipment
sheds and more. All this is done in order to remain the leading position in the
airline market both in China and abroad.we can see, that "China
Airlines" is a subsystem of a large transport system (Super-system) and
has strong established relationships with all components of the
environment.threat in the aviation market are Japan airlines.
Oddly enough, the crossing of flag-carriers
(Taiwan based-airlines and Mainland China PRC based-airlines) occurred almost
hourly at then British-controlled Hong Kong's Kaitak International Airport. The
1 hour 30 minute Taipei-Hong Kong route alone, between just two airlines, saw
approximately 13-17 roundtrips flights per day (actual flight totals depending
on day of the week and airline) per carrier (between China Airlines and Hong
Kong-based Cathay Pacific Airways) this was indeed the busiest air corridor on
the planet reaching the point where the service was purely operated by
wide-bodied jetliners. Add to those frequencies at least seven additional
airlines flying that single route. Adversely, other regional airports such as
Bangkok, Singapore and Manila were entirely spared of this indignity imposed on
Japan by China. But the combination of China's necessary access to Japan, the
most highly prized aviation center in Asia, notably the slot-restricted
Tokyo-Narita at the time, coinciding with the opening of China to the global
trade markets of the world, Japan itself needed commercial aviation access to
Chinese airports for pure business and competitive reasons and therefore
acquiesced to China's insistence of air carrier separation. In retrospect, it
now seems like a brilliant strategy on China's behalf to gain unfettered (as
opposed to treaty negotiated) access to Japanese airports at levels only
enjoyed by the United States. By 2010 however, this would all perish as direct
nonstop flights between every major Taiwan and Chinese airports materialized
for all carriers of both former enemy states.the conclusion, it is necessary to
take into account the problems concerning the airport activity and functioning.
“China Airlines” has strong position in the aviation market, it has its
internal problems. There are a lot of strategies for airline improvement which
will be implemented during the current year.the point of view of SA
well-structured organization in the way of demand and supply analyzes carry out
the benefits, with attract passengers and carco-clients to use this airline.of
“China Airlines” are the following:
· Convenient
Reservation (When making a reservation, client need to only give membership
card number for an express reservation.)
· Dynasty Package
Benefits (Members can enjoy following benefits when they use Dynasty Package
products each time)
· Birthday Gift Miles
(China Airlines offers extra bonus of 2,000 miles as a birthday gift for
Gold/Emerald/Paragon card members who travel with revenue tickets on China
Airlines and Mandarin Airlines' flight during the month period of their
birthdays. The extra bonus mileage will be credit to your account in the
following month.)
· Upgrade Mileage (
With Upgrade to Paragon Membership, members receive 10,000 upgrade miles.)
· Welcome offer (With
upgrade to Emerald Membership, members receive an exquisite gift. )
· Reservation Hotline
(If a chosen flight is full when making a reservation,/Emerald/Paragon Members
receive priority on the reservation waiting list.)
· Priority
Reservation( If a chosen flight is full when making a
reservation,/Emerald/Paragon Members receive priority on the reservation
waiting list.)
· Advance Seat
Selection (Dynasty/Gold Members and their companions are given seat selection.)
· Extra Baggage
Allowance
(1) Based on piece system, each
piece should not be over 32kg for First and Business Classes or 23kg on Economy
class on flight to/from the Unites States and Canada. Weight system applies to
other regions. (In accordance with IATA regulation, extra baggage allowance is
subject to change without notice.)
(2) This benefit is only available
on China Airlines and Mandarin Airlines flights. It does not apply to any
connecting flights on other carriers. Where travelling involves a commencing
flight from Europe or North America with an onward CI flight, the handling
airlines will collect excess baggage fee all the way to the final destination.
Member may contact CI branch office and claim refund for extra baggage
allowance on CI sector by submitting receipt of payment. Baggage is limited to
personal effects only. No merchandise may be included.
· VIP Lounge Usage
Privilege ( Gold, Emerald and Paragon members may redeem their mileage to
invite extra guests, other than the allowable number of their membership, to
enter our self-operated airport VIP room together.)
· Incentive
Mileageaddition to actual and bonus mileage, for each flight on China Airlines
an additional 20% in incentive mileage is credited for Paragon Members.
· Domestic Ticket
Discount, Emerald and Paragon members may enjoy 10% discount off published fare
for domestic tickets at designated ticket counters, other members are entitled
5% discount.
.3 Analysis of the main activities
of the airline, identifying the main goal, other goals. Building the “objective
tree” of the airline
system necessarily pursues a target
task. Target system - a priority in the state for the system, which is often
expressed in the form target function.Objectives of "China
Airlines".transportation company its has a number of tasks and purposes.
And every company is trying fully realize them. Since the airline operates in a
market economy the main problem is the competitive ability of enterprises to
improve the quality of passenger service, fleet expansion and geography flights
hold positions in the aviation market and, of course, profit. This issue deals
with the marketing department.the solving the problem of obtaining a
sustainable profit, service marketing variable key components of the aviation
market - the frequency of flights, their distribution by season and by time of
day, the structure of commercial loading rates and benefits, as well as network
airlines.Service is designed to ensure compliance with traffic demand and the
possibility of its satisfaction. If demand for transportation begins to fall,
marketers need to find out the causes and take appropriate measures to address
them. These measures may include: improving the company's image, improving
service quality, review tariff structure, making more convenient for customers
of schedule. Bringing offered capacities in line with demand can be achieved by
reducing the frequency of flights, reducing the number of seats offered per
week on this line and even suspend flights on certain routes.important aspect
of improving the competitiveness of airline transportation market is the impact
of marketing on their own production and financing to improve sustainable
earnings. This effect is done using special software modernization:
Improvement of air transport
infrastructure;
Improvement of commercial services;
Improvement of personnel training;
Improving sales system of
transportation;
Improving the organizational
structure of the airline.marketing function also provides better coordination
of all units airline, to the latter worked as a unified system of aviation. The
disadvantage of the existing control system is that it operates not as an
integral system, and as the sum of individual actions hierarchical divisions,
each with its own purpose, sometimes conflicting goals of adjacent units. For
example, a commercial service may interest income, but do not apply to
expenditure as financial services, in contrast, is occupied only budget; summer
service, delivery service, ground service may have their task not only targets
associated airline. The company, which has levers such as air transport, system
prices and sales system, must find an optimal combination of these funds to
influence the market in order to ensure its development and success in
competition with other airlines.role is played by commercial service that
performs the following functions:
Attraction of passengers and freight
customers on flights and controls the sale of passenger and freight traffic
through representative agents and airlines;
Development and conduction
activities to improve the cost-effectiveness of existing international lines
and on opening new ones;
Controlling the maximum usage of the
capacity ability of freight aircraft and conduction activities to improve
economic load aircraft;
Coordination and monitoring the
business airline offices abroad;
Supervising and implementation
measures to expand the network of agents for the sale of the flights ;
Providing payments to foreign
airlines, companies and other organizations for received and services
providing;
Controlling of reported missions on
the sold traffic.to develop the “Objective Tree” it will have the following
presentation:
It is obvious, that the main aim of
this airline (“China Airlines”) , and any other is to obtain the final profit.
But along with the fact there are a number of other, less tangible goals that
ultimately lead to the achievement of the first. All other sub goals (and there
may be many) are under the influence of main aim. These include, for example,
the desire to provide the most comfortable airline service, to be the safest
airline, to offer qualitative and most delicious food in air passengers,
charity, etc.situation of the airline (one of the main aims) has changed. The
Revenue of “China Airlines” up to 2010 was NTD138,140 million ; Net income -
NTD15,000 million . Up to 2012 situation has been changed and revenue has grown
up to 13 percent.the conclusion, it is evident that the complex system of “China
Airlines” provides a lot of activities
concerning the suitable airline
functioning and development of air transportation system of Ukraine in general.
The “Objective Tree” describes the set and interrelations between main
activities of the company.
CONCLUSION
this course paper I have got the
practical skills of a systematic approach to the analysis of the transport
company. On example of "China Airlines" I have proved that the hauler
is a complex system which consists of subsystems and components that are
closely interrelated. I have gave the examples of subsystems, have indicated a
relationship between them, and between the external environment.include
description of the airline as a system with different characteristics, analyzes
of the structure of the system and its components, main activities of the
company, identification of the main goals and objectives of the airlines,
pointing out methods how to achieve them.the analysis of "China
Airlines", using the theory of SA we practicaly conclude that it is one of
the leading airlines in the market of aviation services. Airline provides a
wide range of services: passenger and cargo handling, well qualified staffing,
training and technical inspection, checking the technical condition of
aircraft, charity, etc.have investigated main threats and unique advantages of
this Airline. Main activities and functions of the company like a system are
represented through the “Objective Tree” method.course paper has very important
impact on the generalization and systematization of knowledge obtaining during
studying the course “Basics of System Theory and Management”.
REFERENCES
Printed materials:
. Yun G.M., Marinceva C.V.
Basics of systems theory and systems analysis: Lecture course. - NAU, 2004. -
68 pages.
2. Mogilevsky V.D. Systems
methodology. - M: «Economics», 1999. - 251 pages.
. Surmin Y.P. Systems
theory and systems analysis: Educational manual. - K.: MAUP, 2003. - 368 pages.
Electronic resources:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Airlines#Change_of_logo_and_livery
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Airlines>.
. <http://www.china-airlines.com>.