Английский язык профессионального общения (вариант "А")
Министерство
образования и науки Украины
Донецкий институт
управления
Кафедра социально-гуманитарных
дисциплин
Контрольная работа
по курсу
Английский язык
профессионального общения (вариант «А»)
Выполнил:
студент I курса
Родченко А.В.
Донецк 2008
Approved
by the Department of SS&H, March 27 , 2007.
Head of the Department O.Orlova
PROGRESSIVE
TEST PAPER
Name: Alex Rodchenko
Date: April 24,
2008
A. GRAMMAR:
( 30 points )
1. Complete
the text using the verbs in columns: ( 12 points )
1. has 3.
are exempt 5. becomes 7. does not pay 9. is 11. are applied
2. may
obtain 4. will pay 6. can be obtained 8. is enforced 10. directs 12. is exempt
Ordinarily,
when a civil judgment for the plaintiff (1) 5. becomes final, the
defendant (2) 4. will pay the amount or perform any other
requirements of the judgment. If the defendant (3) 7. does not pay, the
plaintiff (4) 2. may obtain a writ (court order) of execution.
Execution (5) 9. is the process by which a judgment for
money (6) 8. is enforced. The court (7) 10. directs
the sheriff, or other officer, to seize and sell specific property of the
defendant identified by the plaintiff. The proceeds, after deduction of the
costs of seizure and sale, (8) 11. are applied to the
payment of the judgment. Certain items, such as essential clothes, household
goods, and tools of trade (9) 3. are exempt from execution. If
the defendant (10) 1. has no property over the amount that
(11) 9. is exempt, nothing (12) 6. can be obtained
by execution.
2.
Choose
the proper option for each sentence below: ( 5 points )
a)
Look
at those clouds! It must rain soon.
1) may 2)
should 3) must 4) can
b)
Some
people should learn how to express their feelings in a civilized
way.
1) would 2)
should 3) must 4) ought
c)
I
think she must speak to the boss now. It is very important!
1) should 2) may 3)
must 4) can
d)
Would you change this €200
banknote for me?
1) ought 2)
may 3) must 4) would
e)
Ought I to give you some
advice?
1) ought 2) may 3) must 4) can
3. Put
questions using the given Q-words: ( 3 points )
1.
If
there is an error in the record, the reviewing court will not affirm the
judgment of the lower court.
Why will the reviewing court
not affirm the judgment of the lower court?
2.
After
the verdict of a jury has been returned, the judge pronounces a judgment.
When does the judge pronounce a
judgment?
3.
For
conviction of a crime, a unanimous verdict of guilty is usually required.
What is usually required for
conviction of a crime?
4. Transform
these sentences into passive structures: ( 6 points)
a)
They
invite a witness to the court by means of a subpoena.
The
witness is invited to the court by means of subpoena.
b)
After
consultation with the attorneys, the judge instructed the jury.
The jury
was instructed by the judge after consultation with the attorneys.
c)
In a
trial, a jury determines issues of fact.
In a
trial, issues of fact are determined by a jury.
5. Combine
the sentences into one using that, which or who: ( 4 points )
a)
The
room was crowded with the people. They came there on invitation.
The room
was crowded with the people who (that) came there on invitation.
b)
The
street is lined with poplars. It has several new cottages.
The
street which (that) has several new cottages is lined with poplars.
B. VOCABULARY:
(24 points)
1. Give
definitions in Ukrainian/ Russian of the underlined words: (8 points)
1.
A
trial jury
is a group of independent citizens selected to determine questions of fact.
A trial
jury = суд присяжных
2.
The
evidence
is then presented to the jury first by the plaintiff and then by the defendant.
The
evidence =, улики, вещественные доказательства
3.
Testimony consists of statements
made by witnesses in court.
Testimony = показания свидетелей
4.
A
witness
is someone who was present during the incident and hs personal knowledge of the
facts.
A witness = свидетель
5.
The
verdict
is the decision of the jury.
The verdict
= вердикт
6.
In a
criminal case, the verdict will be either for the prosecution or for the
defendant.
The
prosecution = обвинение,
сторона обвинения
7.
The
judgment
is the final result of the trial.
The judgment = приговор
8.
Execution
is the
process by which a judgment for money is enforced.
Execution =
приведение в исполнение
2. Match
the notions and the definitions: (16 points)
a) complaint
1) one
who brings a civil action
c) default
judgment 3) court-ordered means of getting facts about the dispute from the opposing
party and witnesses before the trial
d) deposition
4)
judgment given (without a trial) to the plaintiff when the defendant fails to
answer the complaint
e) discovery
procedures 5) pretrial questioning of the opposing party and witnesses under oath
f)
Plaintiff
6)
defendant’s statement in reply to the plaintiff’s complaint
g)
pretrial
hearing 7)
court order directing the defendant to answer the plaintiff’s complaint
h)
summons
8) first
paper in a civil action, filed by the plaintiff, stating the claim for
judgment.
a) 8
|
b) 6
|
c) 4
|
d) 5
|
e) 3
|
f) 1
|
g) 2
|
h) 7
|
C. READING
COMPREHENSION: (30 points)
1.
Read
the text, write you translation and answer the questions given below the text: (20
points)
When one
person is liable for the torts of another, the liability is called vicarious
liability. The most common example of this is the liability of an employer for
the acts of employees committed within the scope of the employment. To prevent
such liability, the employer should select, train, and supervise employees
carefully. The employer should also carry adequate liability insurance. Employer’s
responsibility does not relieve the employee of liability. The injured party
may sue both the employer and the employee. Although the plaintiff may then get
a judgment against both, he or she can collect only one full recovery. Usually
it is the employer, or the employer’s insurance company, who pays.
Damages are
awarded to the injured party to compensate for the loss caused by tort. The
purpose of the award is to place the injured party in the same position as if
the tort had not occurred. In many cases, the loss may be difficult to measure.
An example would be where negligence causes bodily injury with continuing pain
and suffering or even death. However, the dollar value of the injury or loss
must be set. The value is usually decided by a jury.
The jury might
award additional punitive or exemplary damages. These damages would be awarded
as punishment for intentional tort and as an example to deter others. Punitive damages are never awarded for ordinary negligence.
Когда один человек несет
ответственность за гражданские правонарушения другого, такая ответственность
называется ответственностью за правонарушения других лиц. Самым
распространенным примером такой ответственности является ответственность
работодателя за правонарушения своих работников, которые были совершены на
рабочем месте. Для того чтобы предотвратить такую ответственность, работодатель
должен тщательно отбирать, обучать и осуществлять контроль над своими
работниками. Работодатель также должен проводить страхование ответственности.
Ответственность работодателя не уменьшает ответственность работника.
Пострадавшая сторона может подать иск как против работодателя, так и против
работника. Хотя истец может выиграть дело в обоих случаях, получить полное
возмещение убытков он может только с одной стороны. Обычно платит работодатель
или страховая компания работодателя.
Пострадавшей стороне
возмещаются убытки для компенсации потерь, которые она понесла при совершении
правонарушения. Целью возмещения является возврат пострадавшей стороны в то
состояние, в каком бы она была, если бы правонарушение не совершалось. Во многих
случаях очень трудно определить убытки. Таким примером могут служить тяжелые телесные
повреждения или даже смерть, ставшие результатом халатности. Тем не менее,
должен быть установлен денежный размер повреждения или ущерба. Этот размер
обычно устанавливается присяжными.
Присяжные могут назначить
дополнительно штрафную или типовую компенсацию. Такое возмещение убытков
налагается как наказание за преднамеренное гражданское правонарушение и служит примером
для предотвращения других подобных правонарушений. Штрафные компенсации никогда
не назначаются за обычную халатность.
Аnswer the questions: (10 points)
a)
What is vicarious liability?
Vicarious
liability is the liability when one person is liable for the torts of another.
b)
What
can be the most common example of vicarious liability?
The most
common example of vicarious liability can be the liability of an employer for
the acts of employees committed within the scope of the employment.
c)
How
can the employer prevent such a liability?
To prevent
such liability, the employer should select, train, and supervise employees carefully;
he should also carry adequate liability insurance.
d)
Whom
may the injured party sue in this situation?
In the
situation of vicarious liability, the injured party may sue both the employer
and the employee.
e)
What
are damages awarded to the injured party for?
Damages are
awarded to the injured party to compensate for the loss caused by tort.
D. TRANSLATION:
(16 points)
Write the
translation of the following sentences into English:
1)
Недбалість
є одним з найпоширеніших видів гражданського правопорушення.
Negligence
is the most common tort.
2)
Людина
має право бути вільною від брехливих спостережень щодо її характеру або
поведінки.
A person
has the right to be free from false reports about his character or conduct.
3)
Незаконним
втручанням у власне життя людини є звичайне підслуховування або підслуховування
за допомогою електронних пристроїв.
Ordinary
eavesdropping by listening or electronic devices can be invasion of privacy.
4)
Таємна
змова між двома здійснити незаконний кримінальний вчинок або законний вчинок через
незаконні шляхи карається у судовому порядку.
Conspiracy
between two persons to do an unlawful criminal act or to do a lawful act by
unlawful means is punished judicially.